（1） Definition of hazardous chemicals

Dangerous chemical substances refer to items with explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive, radioactive and other properties that are prone to cause personal injury and property damage during transportation, loading and unloading, and storage, and require special protection.

The definition contains three layers of meaning:

One is that it has properties such as explosion, flammability, toxicity, corrosion, and radioactivity, which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of hazardous chemicals themselves. It is a prerequisite for accidents such as fires, poisoning, burns, radiation damage, and pollution.

The second is "easy to cause personal injury and property damage", which refers to the (result) generated by certain external factors during the transportation, loading and unloading, and storage of hazardous chemicals. For example, the hazardous effects of chemical changes that occur when hazardous chemicals are exposed to heat, open flames, friction, vibration, impact, alcohol leakage, or contact with objects that conflict with their properties not only cause damage to the hazardous chemicals themselves, but also endanger personal safety and damage, as well as contaminate the surrounding environment.

The third is the need for special protection, which is a prerequisite for safe transportation of hazardous chemicals. It mainly refers to the corresponding "special protection" measures that must be taken for the physical and chemical characteristics of various hazardous chemicals themselves, such as using specific containers for packaging, adding stabilizers, inhibitors, controlling environmental temperature, etc

Goods that must possess all three elements outlined in the definition of hazardous chemicals can be called hazardous chemicals.

Dangerous goods are classified into the following 9 categories according to international transportation regulations

Category 1: Explosives

① 1.1 Substances and items with overall explosion hazards, such as perchloric acid.

② 1.2 Substances and items that pose a risk of entry but do not pose a risk of overall explosion.

③ 1.3 Substances and items that pose a risk of combustion and local explosion or local injection, or both, but do not pose a risk of overall explosion, such as dinitrobenzene.

④ 1.4 Substances and items that do not present significant hazards, such as tetrazolo-1-acetic acid.

⑤ Item 1.5: Very insensitive substances with an overall explosion risk.

⑥ Item 1.6: Extremely insensitive substances with no overall explosion risk.

Category 2: gas spray tube fireworks, snow spray, hair dye sprays, lighters

① Flammable gases in item 2.1, such as acetylene, propane, hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, methane, etc;

② Item 2.2 Non flammable and non-toxic gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, etc;

Category 3: Flammable liquids

Such as paint, glue, ink, gasoline, kerosene, ethanol, methanol, acetone, toluene, xylene, solvent oil, benzene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc

Any product with a closed cup flash point of 60 degrees Celsius or below is classified as a flammable liquid

Closed cup flash point: Under specified conditions, heat the sample. When the sample reaches a certain temperature, the mixture of steam and surrounding air in the sample will ignite once it comes into contact with the flame. This is the lowest temperature at which the sample will ignite.

Class 4 flammable solids, substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion, and substances that release flammable gases when exposed to water

① Flammable solids, self reactive substances, and solid desensitized explosives, such as nitrocellulose, sulfur, aluminum powder, etc;

② Substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion, such as insurance powder;

③ Substances that release flammable gases when exposed to water, such as metallic sodium, magnesium powder, magnesium aluminum powder, magnesium alloy powder, etc.

Category 5 oxidizing substances and organic peroxides

① Oxidative substances, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, bleaching powder, etc;

② Organic peroxides.

Category 6 toxic and infectious substances

① Toxic substances, such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, arsenic, copper sulfate, some pesticides, etc;

② Infectious substances.

Class 7 radioactive substances

Prohibited collection at the dock, prohibited collection category by shipping companies

Category 8 corrosive substances

Such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, ammonia solution, sodium hypochlorite solution, formaldehyde solution, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc

Lead acid batteries, strong acid and strong alkaline products

Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous substances and items, including environmentally hazardous substances

Medical waste, medical waste, waste drugs, pesticide waste, wood preservative waste, waste organic solvents and waste containing organic solvents, heat treatment cyanide containing waste, waste mineral oil and waste containing mineral oil, oil-water, hydrocarbon/water mixtures or emulsions, polychlorinated (brominated) biphenyl waste, distillation residue, dye and coating waste, organic resin waste, new chemical waste, explosive waste, photosensitive material waste, surface treatment waste, incineration disposal residue, waste containing metal carbonyl compounds, waste containing beryllium, chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, antimony, and other waste containing antimony. Tellurium waste, mercury waste, thallium waste, lead waste, inorganic fluoride waste, inorganic cyanide waste, waste acid, waste alkali, asbestos waste, Organic phosphorus compound waste, organic cyanide waste, phenolic waste, phenolic waste, ether waste, organic halide waste, nickel waste, barium waste, non-ferrous metal smelting waste, other waste, waste catalysts and other 50 categories.